Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is a minimally invasive procedure performed by interventional radiologists to obtain tissue samples from the liver for diagnostic purposes.  It is often preferred in cases where conventional liver biopsy techniques (such as percutaneous biopsy) may be risky due to factors such as coagulopathy (impaired blood clotting), ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen), or obesity. Additionally, it allows for sampling from specific regions of the liver that may not be accessible via percutaneous methods.

The interventional radiologist typically gains access to the liver through the jugular vein in the neck. Using imaging guidance such as fluoroscopy (real-time x-rays), a catheter is advanced through the jugular vein into the hepatic vein, which drains blood from the liver.  A biopsy needle is advanced through the catheter and into the liver tissue under imaging guidance. The pressure can also be measured if needed for diagnosing portal hypertension. You may be given a mild sedative to help you relax and remain still during the procedure.

Do not eat or drink anything after midnight (12:00 am) the night before your procedure.  You may take medications with a sip of water in the morning. Bring a list of all prescribed medications with you to the procedure. You should arrange to have someone take you home after the procedure.

After the procedure, the patient is monitored for a brief period to ensure there are no complications such as bleeding. They may be advised to rest for a short time before being discharged home. Patients go home the same day. Pathology results may take up to five business days.

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